Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Journal - Essay Example When asked about my proposed research topic, which is bilingual education, all respondents, except James, disclosed that they do not know anything about it. James, on the other hand, indicated that awareness on the topic was in terms of recognizing that by being bilingual, you can communicate with the other people easily. When asked if they have any opposition to the topic, all responded none. Likewise, their responses to my question: â€Å"what experience, knowledge, and background do they have in my field including both positive / negative experiences†, they all responded none. The audience analysis thereby revealed that the proposed research topic on bilingual education could provide ample opportunities for the audience to enhance their awareness and knowledge on this. Further, since there were no significant oppositions to the subject matter, it is therefore a viable topic. Their demographic factors further indicated that the topic could generally appeal to various ages, status, and

T-tests For Independent And Related Samples Essay Example for Free

T-tests For Independent And Related Samples Essay Research Problem   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With the increased violence that occurs in our society, it is a reality that most children on social welfare or those who have been placed in foster care have had negative experiences. Some children need to be counseled and psychologically helped in order to regain their sense of self and to help them cope with the difficulties that lie ahead of them. The most evident problems that these children have are in terms of their education and schooling. Despite the efforts of social welfare to help them get the education they need, most children drop out of high school. This study would like to determine the difference in the graduation rates of children in foster care who received counseling and those who did not receive counseling. Research Question   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Is there any difference in the graduation rates of children in foster care who had received counseling compared to those who did not? Hypothesis: Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference in the graduation rates of children in foster care whether they received counseling or not. Alternative hypothesis: There is a significant difference in the graduation rates of children in foster care when they received counseling compared to those who did not. Independent variable: Counseling sessions Dependent variable: Graduation rate (high school) Statistical Design: For this study, the appropriate statistical design is the related samples design (within groups) since the goal is to determine whether counseling sessions significantly increased or decreased the graduation rates of children in foster care which satisfies the assumption of the related sample t-test measures. Effect size: The effect size between the two means would indicate the degree or level of the difference between two groups, it could be high, moderate or low effect which would also indicate just how significant the difference between the two means are from each other. A probability value would not be able to clearly point out just how big the difference is. Table 1 t-test Result t df p.05 Graduation rate (with counseling vs without counseling) 2.69 73 .009 N = 30; ES = .60 Table 1 indicates that children in foster care who had received counseling were found to significantly have higher rates of graduation than those who have not received counseling. The t value (2.69) was found to be statistically significant (p.05), thus we reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis that children in foster care are more likely to graduate if they had received counseling. It was also found that the effect size for this result was .60 which is according to Cohen (1988) is of medium degree. This would mean that the difference in the graduation rates for the two groups may be statistically significant but the difference is actually not so big that other factors may actually come into play with why children who receive counseling have better graduation rates. Statistics N = 30 Mean 1 = 14.75; SD = 6.03 Mean 2 = 10.74; SD = 6.69 t = 2.69 df = 73 p = .009

Garbage Essay -- essays research papers fc

On May 16, 1988, the Supreme Court ruled that police officers, without a warrant, have the right to inspect curbside rubbish for evidence. â€Å"Justice Byron R. White’s opinion for the majority said the privacy of garbage bags left outside the home and its immediate surroundings is not protected by the Fourth Amendment because people have no ‘subjective expectation of privacy’ in their garbage ‘that society accepts as objectively reasonable’† (Taylor 559-560). The Supreme Court’s ruling on curbside rubbish is fair because people voluntarily leave their trash at the curb for collection.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution states â€Å"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.† This basically means police officers cannot come into a home and just rummage through personal belongings. However, many people feel the Supreme Court’s ruling is a violation of the Fourth Amendment because they feel rummaging through garbage is rummaging through their personal belongings. A person’s trash is private and can reveal very personal information. â€Å"A search of trash, like a search of the bedroom, can relate intimate details about sexual practices, health and personal...

Lacan, Foucault, Sedgwick, Binary Essay

The world consists of a collection of dual concepts. Things either are or they are not, especially at the level of conception. One is either alive or dead; there are no in-betweens with this notion. In the essay, â€Å"The Mirror Stage as Formative of the Function of the I as revealed in Psychoanalytical Experience,† Jacques Lacan describes a certain binary that takes place, and interacts, within a child as soon as they learn to recognize their own image. Lacan’s recognition of this initial dualism that takes place in an infant, leads to the recognition of several other dualisms. Michel Foucault speaks of a binary when speaking of sex and sexuality in chapter one of â€Å"The History of Sexuality, Volume 1, an Introduction. † In the second Axiom from â€Å"Epistemology of the Closet,† Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick discusses the heterosexual and homosexual dichotomy. Lacan believes that after eighteen months, a child discovers its libidinal dynamism (1286). Libidinal means psychic and emotional energy associated with instinctual biological drives. Dynamism means active and interactive movement. Through action and interaction with its psychic and emotional energy, instinctual biological drives in a child’s mind. It is through this dual and cooperative interaction between the physical and metaphysical, in the mirror, that a child begins to form identification with itself and its reflection. Via this reflection, the child will see its body as â€Å"Gesalt,† a collection of parts of the whole (Lacan 1286). The child views the sum of its biological, physical, and psychological bodies as an entire unit; being made up of several different parts, and at the same time just a singular object. The child recognizes and views its reflection in relation to its surroundings, i. e. urniture, itself, its mother, yet this realization that unites the child’s parts to form a singular I. This mental permanence, meaning the child will permanently see itself as I, is what will alienate others due its large singular view of itself, and not a view as part of a whole. With the child’s actualization of its image and that it can be seen and interpreted, it shall then recognize a binary of physical reality and dream reality. The dream realm is a reality of sorts, in the sense that it is real because it is experienced. That dream realm is then filled with not nly the child’s own image, but the image of the physical world it inhabits while awake. This I image is thus residing in the spectrums of this binary where its realities exist both in the physical world and in the mental world. The mirror stage itself is an entire dualistic concept. On one hand, it marks the initial conception of self-actualization, while on the other, maps the libidinal normalization process. Foucault outlines the history of sex in terms of children, how they communicate it, who discusses it, and where it resides in the binary. Children have for many years had a â€Å"freedom of language† with their mentors in relation to sex (Foucault 1654). This is to say that there was less shame in the attitude towards sex. It was a very openly discussed topic outside the realm of perversion and deviance. It was not until the seventeenth century that the French bourgeoisie placed a censorship on all speech that was of sexual manner. Children, across all social classes, gradually became more silent in regards to their sexuality (Foucault 1654). This notion of silence is where duality comes into to play, or lack thereof. Foucault defines silence as â€Å"the things one declines to say, or is forbidden to name, the discretion that is required between different speakers,† (1654). Foucault views silence as a non-passive action, even if it may appear to be doing nothing. One can convey a message just as effectively, and arguably more, by remaining silent than actually speaking. Silence is something that functions alongside speech in such a way that it becomes difficult to differentiate the two in terms of the outcomes they produce. Foucault acknowledges this lack of binary by stating that there is â€Å"no division to be made between what one says and what one does not say† (1654). In terms of the government enforced censorship on sexuality and speech during the 1600’s, this silence surrounding sexuality spoke volumes more than explicit dialogue about it. During this time another binary became prevalent, the public and the private. While the people remained relatively silent in public, they were conversing greatly privately. In the 1700’s this silence â€Å"multiplied the forms of discourse† on the subject of sex (Foucault 1655). The topic of children sex exploded with many participants partaking in the discussion. There was a great market for this discourse on sex that included the realms of medicine and politics, often interweaving the two. The topic of sex was forced out of the private realm into the public. Foucault says that sex has become something society cannot speak enough about, that â€Å"[society] convinced [itself] that [they] have never said enough on the subject,† throwing society onto a perpetual search for answers (1657). The sexual realm does not reside in the binary of public and private, of being secret or outspoken, yet resides in both. It is because of this need for secrecy that sex has taken such a firm place outside of being a secret. Foucault says society teeters on the middle of the binary system of public and private, that society has â€Å"consigned sex to a shadow existence, but that they dedicated themselves to speaking of it ad infinitum, while exploiting it as the secret† (1658). The history of sex is a prime example of a concept being able to reside in the realms of the public and private binaries, and at the same time residing in neither. Sedgwick claims that sexuality lies in a realm separate than that of gender. She defines chromosomal sex as that of biology that follows the strict XX and XY chromosome pattern of distinction among Homo Sapiens (Sedgwick 2439). She defines gender as an elaborate and rigid social production that strictly serves the binary of only male and female (Sedgwick 2439). She then defines sexuality as an array of acts, expectations, narratives, pleasures, identity-formations, and knowledge, in both women and men that focus on genital sensations, but not adequately defined by them (Sedgwick 2440). She states that gender is only one dimension of sexual choice and that sexuality strictly deals with how the individual feels and has no relation to, or effect on, procreation. Whereas chromosomal sex is strictly based on procreative purposes since it lies in the realm of biology, where a sexed male and a sexed female are the only sexes that can reproduce with each other. This notion thus makes sexuality the polar opposite of chromosomal sex, rather than gender being its opposite, in the binaries. She states that both gender and sexuality are concepts to be chosen. The differences between them are that gender serves the binary of male and female, while sexuality, contingent on the individual, are not limited by such a simple binary. This binaries construction was only to serve the male identity. Sedgwick says that any system with gender at its focus will have an inherent heterosexist bias, meaning that the female gender is constructed as a supplement to the male identity (2442). That the binary by which gender is trapped only exists because it required being a binary, the female gender only exists because the male gender required a counterpart. The binary of heterosexual and homosexual fits a deconstructive template more so than the binary of male and female, thus rendering sexual orientation and gender different. All people at birth are publicly assigned to one of two genders and because of this are forever unalterable. Sexual orientation, on the other hand, is often times rearrangeable, ambiguous, and has a doubleness quality to it that allows for easy alterations (Sedgwick 2444). Sedgwick does not find the gender binary to be one of complexity, but of a rather simple and unchallengeable one. She states the essentialism of sexual orientation is less easy to maintain, incoherent, stressed and challenged (Sedgwick 2444). There is a contradictoriness to Sedgwick’s claim that sexual orientation is easy to alter and rearrangeable, yet at the same time less easy to maintain. It is, however, this seemingly contradictoriness that makes sexual orientation different from the gender binary. It is this complexity and fluidity that gives sexual orientation its ability to make leaps and bounds across its multinary systems. The most important aspect of the difference between gender and sexual orientation is the fact that one can choose their sexuality, but not their gender. Lacan, Foucault, and Sedgwick all deal with historical values. That is to say, they deal with issues and topics that occur at the early stages of young life, thus making these dealings at the conception level of thought. Lacan’s mirror stage describes a child’s actualization of self. Foucault deals with the history of sex and the history of children’s conception of sex. Sedgwick discusses the differences of sex, sexuality, and gender. The uniqueness of Sedgwick’s notion is that gender is assigned at birth and can never be altered. This ties into Lacan’s mirror stage where once a child realizes its image, and the placement of that image in the world it lives in, it can never un-see that image, and moreover, can never remove that image from its surroundings. Foucault greatly discusses children in his chapter, however he does not delve deeper as to what about children relate to their sex. Sedgwick supplies contextual substance to Foucault’s article that deals mainly with the history of sex and not the sex itself. Lacan’s concept of self-actualization of the I, can be coupled with Sedgwick’s gender assignment at birth, that the I is gendered, and will effect, and often dictate, the child’s asymptomatic journey to reach it. Lacan’s concept of the binary of physical and metaphysical realization of self-image, is the basis for a binary discussion, something either is or is not physically here. Foucault discusses the history of sex and how a binary of speaking about sex or remaining silent does not exist. Sedgwick deals with the gender binary. This theory of dualism, binaries, dichotomy, lays foundation for these authors, and philosophers, and their works.

Pet Sematary by Stephen King Essay

Setting: The novel, ‘Pet Sematary’ by Stephen King is set mostly in Ludlow, Maine. Aside from the fact that Stephen King often sets his novels in Maine, where he was born and grew up, the quiet and laid back atmosphere of this place which has a very small population (only 402 in 2000) has something to do with the novel. As catalyst for the novel, a particular ancient Indian burial ground is located within walking distance of the Creed family house in this locality. The value of this setting in this novel is its link with history. Ludlow is known to have a 1% American Indian Ancestry and this small ancestry is enough to validate the presence of the Micmac burial ground in the area. With a small population in the locality, it is most likely that most of the people in the place know about the burial ground which explains why a certain ‘Timmy’ in the novel is referred to as having being buried in the burial ground as well. This sets precedence in the story and explains hoe Jud is quite well-versed with the lore of this particular burial ground. The setting also helps to conceal whatever supernatural events that occur in the place therefore making it more believable that people from other places did not hear about the strange occurrences in the place. So, while it is a given that King always sets his novels in towns and counties in Maine, the choice of Ludlow for this novel is obviously intentional and is done to achieve certain effects and objectives; these basically, to make it more believable and to validate the link between the townsfolk and their apparent, inherent knowledge of the critical element of the novel which is the Micmac burial ground. Other than just these technical intentions of the author, it has to be understood that the tone of the novel is also often set by the setting. In this particular novel which starts out in a sleepy, almost passive town, the effect of having something strange and supernatural occurring serves to upset the status quo of the town. Of course, there is reference to a similar occurrence happening in the past, but this works to deepen the secret of the town and so consequently explain the hush-hush attitude of the people. Drop in a metropolitan family preoccupied with the more tangible representations of life, and a burial ground that is able to resurrect the dead, and the novel has the perfect setting for the materialization of the tangible desires of the alien family and the chaotic interplay between these values and the values of the townsfolk. Major characters: Louis Creed is the main character of the story and it is his family, starting with the family cat, and then his son, and finally his wife that fall victim to the demonic powers of the Micmac Burial ground. Creed is initially introduced to be indifferent and academic, but sympathetic and close to his family members. This is vital to his decisions later in the novel. His entrance into Ludlow, Maine sets in motion a series of events that serve to clearly emphasize the differences his family has with the people in the town; not only this, it also serves to create a contrast between the ideals of the people of the town as well as his own ideals. Creed is used in the novel to foreshadow the events that would follow with their moving to Ludlow because it is his dream of a certain university student that leads him to the burial ground in the metaphysical sense. However, more than just the reality that the novel revolves around this main character, Jud, another character in the story, a friend of Louis plays a very important role in setting in motion the chain of events that lead to the demonic corruption of the Creed family. Jud and Louis are at the different ends of the supernatural spectrum in Pet Sematary – Jud is at the initiating end and Louis at the receiving end of the initiation. Jud is a local of Ludlow and has witnessed certain events in the past connected to the powers of the Micmac burial ground so as a favor to Louis who was instrumental in saving his wife from a fatal heart attack, he takes the family cat of the Creeds which was run over by a truck to the ancient burial ground after which the cat returns to life. This is the first incident that involves the Creeds and the burial ground, so in effect, Jud is the instrument of paradox because it is through him that the novel begins to plummet towards its gruesome and quite horrific climax. Horror Fiction Formula: Of course, Pet Sematary, being set in Ludlow, Maine apparently begins with the concept of the Apollonian community. However, a distinct characteristic of this particular novel is the fact that the community is not at all Apollonian in the truest sense of the concept because as the novel unfolds, it reveals that in fact, the Micmac burial ground and its demons has had its victims in the past, this being Timmy, who was killed along with his father when their house was burned down. In effect, the Creeds arrive into the community at a period when it is seemingly Apollonian, but in reality, is merely in a transition period from its dark past to another, darker future. This is important in the novel because the Dionysian force comes through an instrument, Jud, who has experienced the irruption in the past in the person of Timmy. So, it is Jud who becomes the harbinger of the Dionysian force, which in this novel, is the evil that resides in the Micmac burial ground. The strange thing about this novel is the fact that even with Jud’s knowledge of the degree of evil of the Dionysian force he still risks this by entering the Creed’s family cat into the grounds of the ancient burial site, even with the knowledge of what the consequences could be. The resurrection of the cat in the novel is the irruption in the novel because it is the manifestation of the Dionysian force, albeit still quite genteel, it actually escalates as Louis Creed decides to inter his son into the ancient burial site. The only time that the novel deviates from the horror formula is when the novel moves towards its ending, where instead of pursuing the Dionysian force to put a stop to it or to defeat it, Louis Creed is devoured by the temptation of bringing back his wife, perhaps also blinded by his loneliness and depression. The novel ends with implications of the wife actually returning from the dead. So, although, there is no pursuit of the Dionysian force, the novel still ends the way it should according to the formula with implications that the Dionysian force was not in fact defeated or destroyed. Levels of horror: Perhaps the reason why this novel is so successful and so enjoyed by many horror fans is the fact that it operates on the three levels of horror in an escalating manner. In the beginning, the Apollonian community is merely gripped by its dark past and the burial ground is nothing but a folkloric piece of land behind a pet cemetery. In this part of the novel, it operates on terror because while many people from the town know of the legend of the burial ground and were witnesses to its demonic powers, the knowledge is still on the level of intangibility, like a rumor going around town. Later, when the Dionysian force manifests itself in the form of the cat, a mild form of horror begins to emerge which is the resurrected cat – more aggressive, more hostile, and possessing the qualities of a dead animal. So, in this sense, the Dionysian force acquires a face or some form of tangibility. The horror becomes more pronounced with the resurrection of Louis’ son, Gage. This time, the Dionysian force becomes more vivid as Gage is more demonic and more evil. This newly resurrected creature then kills Jud which then transforms the horror into revulsion because along with Jud, the monster kills Rachel. King implies in the story that Gage partially eats the corpse of Rachel. This adds to the revulsion. The end of the novel adds more to this third level of horror by turning the evil inside out. In effect, instead of the horror merely manifesting itself in the resurrected corpses, it begins to eat through the sanity of the last remaining protagonist, Louis. So, the revulsion takes a final twist, when because of the insanity of Louis, he also buries his wife in the burial site and his wife returns. In effect, the monstrosity has transcended from being limited only to the dead coming back to the living finally concurring with its evil.

Led freer trade environment Essays

Led freer trade environment Essays Led freer trade environment Essay Led freer trade environment Essay Abstraction: In the new WTO led freer trade environment, Indian nutrient industry can vie Globally merely if it is monetary value and quality competitory.Due to the liberalisation of Indian economic system and the oncoming of WTO government, quality Competitiveness will count most in Indian nutrient industry. Hence serious consideration had given to quality issues in Indian nutrient industries. The Indian authorities is actuating the dairy and other nutrient processing industries for acceptance of nutrient safety and quality confidence mechanisms such as Entire Quality Management ( TQM ) including ISO 9000, ISO 14000. Hazard analysis and critical control points ( HACCP ) . Good Fabrication Practices ( GMP ) , Good Hygienic Practices ( GMP ) .And this essay besides contains Indian Government Regulation s in the Dairy Processing Sector. Introduction: Harmonizing to the National Dairy Development Board, India the one-year production of milk during the twelvemonth 2007-2008 is 104.8 million metric tons. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //nddb.org/statistics/milkproduction.html ) India has two types of sectors for the selling of milk and its merchandises, one is organized sector and another is unorganised sector. The unorganised sector histories for 88 % of entire milk production in India and it includes selling of natural milk and traditional merchandises such as locally manufactured ghee, fresh cheese, and Sweets. The organized sector histories for 10-12 % of entire milk production in India and it includes the dairy co-ops and organized private dairies which produces Western-style dairy processed merchandises based on pasteurisation. The portion of organized sector in the entire milk production handling is increasing by the old ages ( FAO, 2002 ) . India has now become the largest manufacturer of milk in the universe, with estimated production of about 81 million dozenss in 2001 ( FAO, 2002 ) .Milk production in India histories for more than 13 % of the entire universe end product and 57 % of entire Asia s production. Top five milk bring forthing states in the universe are India, USA, Russia, Germany and France ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.aavinmilk.com/dairyprofile.html ) . Quality and Safety Management in Indian Dairy Industry: After the formation of World Trade Organization ( WTO ) , there were some cases where foreign purchasers refused to accept Indian processed nutrient merchandises from Indian nutrient processing industries which did non follow HACCP system.Due to this Industries which are exporting were paying lare sums of money to foreign advisers for HACCP Implementation ( CM, 1997 ) .And besides implementing HACCP system has become compulsory for nutrient companies after the formation of World Trade Organization ( WTO ) and this is due to HACCP is recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission ( CAC ) and the CAC recommendation has been approved by the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures ( SPS ) reached under the marks of WTO ( Satish Y. Deodhar, 2001 ) . Codex Alimentarius Commission It is an international Body which was established by Food and Agriculture Organization ( FAO ) and World Health Organization ( WHO ) of the United Nations with an aim to protect the wellness of consumers and to guarantee just patterns in the nutrient trade. It gives specifications for International Standards for the safety and quality of nutrient codifications of good fabrication pattern. The Standards, guide lines and recommendations specified by Codex Alimentarius committee was recognized worldwide for international trade and dialogues and besides for settling of differences by WTO. ( Beginning: GOVERNMENT OF INDIA OUTCOME BUDGET OF MINISTRY OF FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES FOR 2008-2009 ) Government of India ( GOI ) Ministry of nutrient processing industries Financial Scheme for Quality Assurance, Codex Standard 2008-2009. Aims of this Scheme: Motivating the nutrient processing industries in order to follow nutrient quality and safety confidence systems such as Entire Quality Management ( TQM ) which includes ISO 9000, ISO 14000 and safety confidence systems such as Hazard analysis and critical control points ( HACCP ) , Good Fabrication Practices ( GMP ) and Good Hygienic Practices ( GMP ) . To do the nutrient processing industries ready to confront them to planetary competition in international trade after the WTO formation. To fix the nutrient processing industries in such a manner that itv will lodge to rigorous quality in hygiene norms. Enhaning the merchandise produced by nutrient processing industries which will accept by abroad purchasers. To fix Indian nutrient processing industry in technologically up to day of the month which will pattern international best patterns. The Scheme included the undermentioned activities: Entire Quality Management ( TQM ) . Promoting of Quality Assurance / Safety Concept. Bar Coding. Strengthening of Codex Cell. Upgrading Quality Control Laboratories. Research A ; Development Programmes for nutrient processing industry 1. Entire Quality Management ( TQM ) Ministry of Food Processing Industries ( GOI ) is running a Plan Scheme which is advancing nutrient processing industries to follow nutrient quality and safety confidence systems such as ISO 9000, ISO 14000, Hazard Analysis and Critical points ( HACCP ) , Good Fabrication Practices ( GMP ) , Good Hygienic Practices ( GHP ) .And it has assisted 10 nutrient treating units to implement the HACCP, IS09000, GMP, GHP patterns during the twelvemonth 2007-2008. 2. Puting Up/Up step of Quality Control Laboratory Strengthening or Puting up or Networking of research labs will assist in debut of quality and safety systems in nutrient processing industries and keeping quality of the merchandise at every degree of production. Ministry of Food Processing industries ( GOI ) has started a program strategy for puting up/ up step of quality control research lab with aims like guaranting acceptance of National nutrient criterions, helping nutrient industries to develop and implement quality direction systems such as ISO9000, HACCP etc. , analysing the samples received from nutrient processing industries, and other interest holder and preparation in the countries associating to quality betterment through ain expertness. The Ministry of nutrient processing industries ( GOI ) has approved fiscal aid to the some organisations during the twelvemonth 2007-2008 for puting up and up step of nutrient proving research labs like Maarc Lab private limited, Pune. , Council for Food Research and Development, Government of Kerala. , Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. , Pradeshik Cooperative Dairy Fed. Ltd, Lucknow. , . AcharyaN.G. Agricultural University, Hyderabad and A.P. State Agro Industries Dev.Corpn.Ltd. Hyderabad. ( Beginning: GOVERNMENT OF INDIA OUTCOME BUDGET OF MINISTRY OF FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES FOR 2008-2009 ) Indian Government Regulation s in the Dairy Processing Sector: Compulsory statute law 1. Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 The Act was created in Indian Parliament in 1954 in order to forestall debasement of nutrient and it Rules were formed in the twelvemonth 1955.The PFA Act includes nutrient criterions, general processs for trying, analysis of nutrient, powers of authorised officers, nature of punishments and other parametric quantities related to nutrient. It will give criterions to nutrient additives, preservative, colourising affairs, packing A ; labeling of nutrients, prohibition A ; ordinances of gross revenues etc. Amendments are incorporated in PFA regulations with the recommendation made by the Central Committee of Food Standards ( CCFS ) which has been setup by Cardinal Government of India under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare consisting members from different parts of the state. The commissariats of PFA Act and Rules are implemented by State Government and local organic structures as provided in the regulations. The commissariats of the Act are compulsory and dispute of the regul ations can take to both mulcts and imprisonment. ( Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fssai.gov.in/PFA.aspx ) 2. Milk and Milk Product Order ( MMPO ) The Govt. of India had announced officially the Milk and Milk Product Order ( MMPO ) 1992 on 9.06.1992 under the commissariats of Essential trade good Act, 1955.According to this order any individual or dairy plat managing more than 10000 litres per twenty-four hours of milk or 500 Million dozenss of milk solids per annum demands to be registered with the registering authorization appointed by the Cardinal Government of India. This order aims at to keep and increase in supply of liquid milk of coveted quality in the involvements of the general populace and besides helps in for modulating the production, processing and distribution of milk and milk Products. So far suited amendments were made by Government of India for this order from clip to clip in order to do it more broad and oriented to ease the dairy enterpriser. The latest amendment was made on 26/03/2002. At present there is no limitation on puting up of new milk works but demand of enrollment is for implementing the prescribe d criterions of quality and nutrient safety. The outstanding characteristics of the new amendments include healthful, hygienic status, quality, nutrient safety issues and flexible review of dairy works. ( Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //dahd.nic.in/milkorder.htm ) 3. Standards on Weights and Measures ( Packaged Commodities ) Rules, 1997 These Rules species obligatory conditions should be maintained for all milk and milk merchandises which are in jammed signifier with regard to declarations on measures contained. And they are operated by the Directorate of Weights and Measures, under the Ministry of Food and Civil Supplies ( Government of India ) . 4. Export ( Quality Control and Inspection ) Act, 1963 This act was operated by Export Inspection Council ( Government of India ) . Harmonizing to this Act all exportable milk and milk merchandises should undergo mandatory pre-shipment review for quality control. And the quality control and review are administered through a web of more than 50 offices located around major production centres and ports of cargo 5. Pollution Control The milk processing industry should take no Objection Certificate from Pollution Control Board which is Compulsory. Voluntary Standards In India there are two organisations which deal with voluntary standardisation and enfranchisement systems in the nutrient sector. They are: 1. Bureau of Indian Standards ( BIS ) BIS has two types of activities, one is preparation of Indian criterions in the processed nutrients sector and the other is execution of criterions through publicity and through voluntary and 3rd party enfranchisement systems. BIS criterions cover natural stuffs permitted and their quality parametric quantities, hygienic conditions under which merchandises are manufactured and packaging and labeling requirements.BIS will give ISI grade that can be exhibited on merchandise bundles to those makers following with criterions laid down by the BIS. BIS has made compulsory enfranchisement for nutrient colourss or additives, vanaspati ( Hydrogenated vegetable oil ) , containers for wadding, milk pulverization and condensed milk. 2. Directorate of Marketing and Inspection ( DMI ) Agricultural Produce ( Grading A ; Marking ) Act was formed in the twelvemonth 1937 which had given power to Cardinal Government of India to border grade criterions for agricultural green goods. It has formulated certain Standards under scientific mode and is popularly known as AGMARK criterions. Recently nutrient safety factors are being incorporated in these criterions in order to vie in World trade and they are harmonized with international criterions maintaining in position the WTO demands. They will supply Certification to adulteration prone milk merchandises like Butter and Ghee in order to profit producer/manufacturer and consumer. The Certification grade under the Agricultural Produce ( Grading A ; Marking ) Act is popularly known as AGMARK . ( Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //agmarknet.nic.in/right_DMI.htm ) Other Government Regulations 1. Industrial License: Normally in India no licence is required for puting up a Dairy Project but a Memorandum has to be submitted to the Secretariat for Industrial Approvals ( SIA ) and an recognition is to be obtained. 2. Foreign Investing: A anterior blessing from the Secretariat of Industrial Approvals, Ministry of Industry ( Government of India ) is required in order to Foreign investing in Indian Dairy Industry. 3. Foreign Technology Agreements: It besides requires anterior blessing from the authorities of India. 4. Import of capital Goods Import of capital goods for dairy processing industry is allowed if it is financed through Foreign Equity and it besides need of blessing from the Secretariat of Industrial Approvals. 5. Import of Second Hand Capital Goods Second manus machinary can be imported if it meets conditions like lower limit residuary life of 5 old ages, equipment age should non be more than 7 old ages old, certification from the Chartered Engineers of the state of beginning attesting the age, the Residual life is to be produced and import will be allowed merely for existent users. ( Beginning: indiadairy.com ) The Management Systems Certification ( MSC ) activity of the Bureau of Indian Standards ( BIS ) : It consists of a series of activities with which it will measure the capableness of an organisation s Management Systems such as IS/ISO 9001:2000 ( Quality Management Systems ) , IS/ISO 14001:2004 ( Environmental Management Systems ) , IS 18001:2000 ( Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems ) , IS15000:1998 ( Food Hygiene Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point ( HACCP ) System ) and the combination of two or more than two systems ( incorporate direction systems ) and it will supply 3rd party Certification to the organisations. BIS offers enfranchisement to the undermentioned criterion: IS/ISO 9001:2000: This criterion comes under Quality Management Systems Certification Scheme ( QMSCS ) provided by Bureau of Indian Standards and it is indistinguishable to ISO 9001:2000 -`Quality Management Systems . IS does non supply any signifier of consultancy services for execution of the demands of IS/ISO 9001:2000 criterion as under its Quality Management Systems Certification Scheme, BIS grants licences against IS/ISO 9001:2000 criterion. Accreditation of BIS QMSCS by Raad voor Accreditatie ( RvA ) , Netherlands, is a testimony of BIS QMSCS runing to internationally recognized standards. BIS Quality Management Systems Certification Scheme is accredited by RvA for 20 three sectors. IS/ISO 14001: This criterion comes under Environmental Management Systems Certification Scheme ( EMSCS ) and is indistinguishable to ISO 14001 -`Environmental Management Systems . This criterion helps the organisations to accomplish and show sound environmental public presentation. It does non supply any signifier of consultancy services for execution of the demands of IS/ISO 14001 but it grants licences against IS/ISO 14001 criterion. IS 18001:2000: This criterion comes under Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems and helps in good wellness and safety public presentation guaranting an accident-free industrial environment. This will besides improves organisation s smooth and effectual operation. IS 15000:1998: This criterion comes under Food Hygiene -Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point ( HACCP ) System and it is designed to place and forestall microbic and other jeopardies in nutrient production. It helps the manufacturers, processors, distributers, exporters, etc, of nutrient merchandises to use proficient resources expeditiously and in a cost effectual mode in guaranting nutrient safety.It does non supply any signifier of consultancy services for execution of the demands of IS15000 criterion as under its HACCP A ; HACCP-Quality Management Systems ( QMS ) Certification Scheme but it grants licences against IS 15000 ( HACCP stand-alone enfranchisement ) or IS 15000 incorporate with IS/ISO 9001:2000 criterion ( HACCP integrated with QMS Certification ) . The Benefits of BIS Certification for direction systems: It improves both internal operational benefits and external selling advantages of an organisation. And it besides provide an confidence of consistent quality, pollution bar, waste decrease, safety and wellness of employees to extremely competitory international market-place, clients, authoritiess, general populace, employees and stakeholders. ( Beginning: Bureau of Indian criterions Management Systems Certification Quality Manual, issue 1, 2004 ) . Major job associated with quality criterions: Small holders have trouble following with SPS/ QUALITY STANDARDS ( FAO, 2002 ) . Decision: There is demand of Training of suited adult male power on Quality and nutrient safety direction systems such as ISO Standards, good hygienic patterns and good fabrication patterns and application of construct and rules of healthful and phyto healthful ( SPS ) and Hazard Analysis and critical control point ( HAACP ) systems throughout the nutrient Chain from husbandman to consumer, becomes of import for bring forthing quality milk merchandises. So, Indian authorities should take proper steps in order to better people skill in the quality and safety direction systems so that Indian dairy sector Quality and Safety direction systems will better. Mentions: ANNEX 1: Critical issues for people in the in the Indian dairy sector on the threshold of new epoch, FAO, 2002. hypertext transfer protocol: //dahd.nic.in/milkorder.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fssai.gov.in/PFA.aspx Sudesh sea nutrients, Capital Market, June 29, 1997, p 70. CM, 1997. In a Freer WTO Trade Regime, Food industry must concentrate on quality direction, Satish Y. Deodhar, 2001. Study of mother Dairy s wt-5 ( Kalyan Sundar Banerjee, Krishna tomar, Priya Mena, Sudip verma, Sushant Chowdary ) , hypertext transfer protocol: //milkfoodlimited.tradeindia.com/ , hypertext transfer protocol: //www.thehindubusinessline.com/bline/2006/12/13/stories/2006121302350300.htm Government of India Outcome Budget of Ministry of Food Processing Industries for 2008-2009. Bureau of Indian criterions Management Systems Certification Quality Manual, issue 1, 2004. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.aavinmilk.com/dairyprofile.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nddb.org/statistics/milkproduction.html . .

Juno and The Paycock Essay Essays

Juno and The Paycock Essay Essays Juno and The Paycock Essay Essay Juno and The Paycock Essay Essay Essay Topic: Literature The extract is in Act 1, relatively near the start of the book. In the previous few pages Mary and Juno are talking about the deaths of soldiers which makes Johnny very unsettled and anxious, this is because he gave information to the authorities that lead to the death of a young soldier, but this is not revealed in the play until later on. In the extract it is the first time we meet The Captain and Joxer, when Juno hears them coming she hides herself out of site. The Captain and Joxer then come in and talk about Juno behind her back, it is very funny when Juno reveals herself and suddenly Joxer is in a desperate hurry and The Captain is now really keen to find himself a job. The extract ends with Juno giving off to Boyle about not getting a job and hoe he has an easy life. I am going to look closer at the extract and the rest of the play see whether or not I think O`Casey presents life in Dublin to be full of negativity and corruption. The extract starts with Juno telling Jerry where Boyle is, she says he will be in Ryans or Foleys which are two pubs. She is very cynical of Boyle, always expecting the worst from him, and she is even worse to Joxer. I think that she blames Joxer for the fact that Boyle waste a lot of the familys money on drink and that he doesnt have a job, she says therell never be any good got out o him as long as he goes with that shouldher-shruggin Joxer and this suggests that she thinks that Boyle would be a better man, who would achieve a lot more if he didnt associate himself with Joxer. OCasey is making us feel sorry for Juno already and although this is funny onstage, it is ultimately sad that a husband and father is wasting his life away drinking at the pub. I think this shows us corruption and negativity from Junos eyes but from the eyes of The Captain it is perfectly normal and he doesnt see whats so bad about it. As the extract goes on Juno hides from view and lets Boyle and Joxer come on in so she can secretly listen to their conversation, she sits down on the bed, hidden from the view of those walking in. He talks about her in a negative way, complaining about her constant grousin' and saying how he only gets comfort when shes away. Again OCasey is showing us that life is full of negativity from Junos eyes but not from The Captains eyes, her husband is sick of her and obviously doesnt like spending time with her, this would be sad and again we feel sorry that Juno has to put up with him. As soon as Juno reveals herself it is very funny when Joxer is in a desparate hurry, his childish fear of Juno is very comical. Joxer and Boyle then make up a lie about them getting jobs, how they are going to stop drinking and start working instead, but Juno sees right through it if you think youre able to come it over me with them fairy tales, youre in the wrong shop! OCasey shows us even more negativity in the extract when Juno says to Boyle, eat your breakfast t may be the last youll get for I dont know where the next one is goin to come from. It shows us the true state of poverty and it reflects to seem a very negative place to live in. I think OCasey portrays life in Dublin to have a lot of negativity for Juno. OCasey clearly shows that Juno certainly has her work cut out for her, as she is the one person in the family who has a job and she is also the one who does all the cooking, buys the food and does nearly all of the work herself. She says I killin meself workin this shows just how hard Juno works to keep her family happy. This is not made any easier when Boyle spends a lot of the families money on alcohol in the pub. This means Juno and the rest of the family cannot afford any type of luxuries due to The Captains selfishness. The life for Juno is not pleasant, she has two children and a husband and they all need constant attention from her, she does so much for the family and they keep wanting more and more. I think OCasey presents Junos life in Dublin as full of negativity and corruption but the life for Boyle is easy, he does no work and just spends his days doing whatever he wants, and making Junos life a lot more difficult. I do agree that he presents life in Dublin as negative, but only for Juno, she works all day and looks after the family the rest of the time, she has no time to do what she wants whereas the captain does whatever he wants. I feel sorry for Juno, she deserves a lot more than what she gets.